Similarly, a study by Johns Hopkins University in the United States revealed that taking calcium supplements may contribute to the accumulation of plaque in coronary arteries, leading to a higher risk of heart attacks. Excessive calcium intake can also lead to arterial stiffness and spasms, potentially causing heart attacks and strokes. However, leg cramps during sleep are not solely caused by calcium deficiency, as there are various factors that can contribute to muscle cramps, including improper sleeping positions, exposure to cold temperatures, and excessive fatigue.

In some cases, frequent and prolonged leg cramps may be a sign of underlying conditions such as peripheral arterial disease, herniated discs, or Parkinson's disease. Therefore, it is important to seek medical advice and consider other factors before assuming calcium deficiency as the sole cause of leg cramps. When it comes to calcium supplementation, it is recommended to meet the daily calcium requirements through a balanced diet that includes calcium-rich foods such as milk, eggs, spinach, and broccoli. Calcium supplements should only be considered if dietary intake is insufficient, and it is important to choose the appropriate type of calcium supplement based on individual needs, such as those fortified with vitamin D for infants, sugar-free calcium supplements for children, and calcium supplements with added nutrients like vitamin D and vitamin K for older individuals. Lastly, engaging in outdoor activities and exercise is beneficial for promoting calcium deposition in bones and aiding vitamin D absorption, which enhances calcium absorption in the body. While calcium is important, excessive calcium supplementation should be avoided.